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International Journal of Toxicology
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Articles

Determination of Lead in Smilax luzonensis Herbal Preparations in Malaysia

Hooi-Hoon Ang
Kheng-Leng Lee
Matsumoto Kiyoshi

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Science Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia

Correspondence: Address correspondence to Associate Professor Dr. Hooi-Hoon Ang, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Science Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. E-mail:hhang{at}usm.my

The DCA (Drug Control Authority) of Malaysia implemented the phase 3 registration of traditional medicines on 1 January 1992. As such, a total of 100 products in various pharmaceutical dosage forms of a herbal preparation containing Smilax luzonensis, either single or combined preparations, were analyzed for the presence of lead, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results showed that 14% of the above products possessed 10.02 to 21.21 ppm of lead, and, therefore, they failed to comply with the quality requirement for traditional medicines in Malaysia (<10 ppm). Although this study showed that 86% of the products complied with the quality requirement for traditional medicines in Malaysia pertaining to lead, they cannot be assumed safe from lead contamination because of batch-to-batch inconsistency.

Key Words: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer • Drug Control Authority Malaysia • Herbal Preparations • Lead Determination • Quality Requirements for Traditional Medicines • Smilax luzonensis

International Journal of Toxicology, Vol. 24, No. 3, 165-171 (2005)
DOI: 10.1080/10915810590952942
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