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Toxicity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Lung Cancer Cells

Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Center for Emerging Contaminants, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri, USA

Yue-wern Huang

Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Research Center for Emerging Contaminants, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri, USA

Xiao-Dong Zhou

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA

Yinfa Ma

Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Center for Emerging Contaminants, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri, USA

Correspondence: Address correspondence to Yinfa Ma, PhD, Professor of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Center for Emerging Contaminants, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA. E-mail:yinfa{at}umr.edu

With the fast development of nanotechnology, the nanomaterials start to cause people’s attention for potential toxic effect. In this paper, the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by 20-nm cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles in cultured human lung cancer cells was investigated. The sulforhodamine B method was employed to assess cell viability after exposure to 3.5, 10.5, and 23.3 µg/ml of CeO₂ nanoparticles for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability decreased significantly as a function of nanoparticle dose and exposure time. Indicators of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, including total reactive oxygen species, glutathione, malondialdehyde, -tocopherol, and lactate dehydrogenase, were quantitatively assessed. It is concluded from the results that free radicals generated by exposure to 3.5 to 23.3 µg/ml CeO₂ nanoparticles produce significant oxidative stress in the cells, as reflected by reduced glutathione and -tocopherol levels; the toxic effects of CeO₂ nanoparticles are dose dependent and time dependent; elevated oxidative stress increases the production of malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase, which are indicators of lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, respectively.

Key Words: Cerium Oxide (CeO₂) • Cytotoxicity • Lung Cancer Cells (A549) • Nanoparticles • Oxidative Stress

International Journal of Toxicology, Vol. 25, No. 6, 451-457 (2006)
DOI: 10.1080/10915810600959543


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