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Radioprotective Effects of Honeybee Venom (Apis mellifera) Against 915-MHz Microwave Radiation–Induced DNA Damage in Wistar Rat Lymphocytes: In Vitro Study

Goran Gajski
Vera Garaj-Vrhovac

From the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia

Correspondence: Please address correspondence to Goran Gajski, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; e-mail:ggajski{at}imi.hr.

The aim of this study is to investigate the radioprotective effect of bee venom against DNA damage induced by 915-MHz microwave radiation (specific absorption rate of 0.6 W/kg) in Wistar rats. Whole blood lymphocytes of Wistar rats are treated with 1 µg/mL bee venom 4 hours prior to and immediately before irradiation. Standard and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg)–modified comet assays are used to assess basal and oxidative DNA damage produced by reactive oxygen species. Bee venom shows a decrease in DNA damage compared with irradiated samples. Parameters of Fpg-modified comet assay are statistically different from controls, making this assay more sensitive and suggesting that oxidative stress is a possible mechanism of DNA damage induction. Bee venom is demonstrated to have a radioprotective effect against basal and oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, bee venom is not genotoxic and does not produce oxidative damage in the low concentrations used in this study.

Key Words: bee venom • comet assay • formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg)–modified comet assay • microwave radiation • radioprotection

International Journal of Toxicology, Vol. 28, No. 2, 88-98 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1091581809335051
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