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International Journal of Toxicology
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Overexposures to Lead at a Covered Outdoor Firing Range

R. K. Tripathi

Bureau of Toxic Substances Virginia Dept. of Health 109 Governor St., Rm. 918 Richmond. Virginia 23219

P. C. Sherertz

Bureau of Toxic Substances Virginia Dept. of Health 109 Governor St., Rm. 918 Richmond. Virginia 23219

G. C. Llewellyn

Bureau of Toxic Substances Virginia Dept. of Health 109 Governor St., Rm. 918 Richmond. Virginia 23219

C. W. Armstrong

Bureau of Toxic Substances Virginia Dept. of Health 109 Governor St., Rm. 918 Richmond. Virginia 23219

L. Ramsey

Bureau of Toxic Substances Virginia Dept. of Health 109 Governor St., Rm. 918 Richmond. Virginia 23219

Significant overexposures to airborne lead were found in a covered, outdoor firing range among seven cadets during firing of conventional, nonjacketed, lead bullets. The mean lead concentrations in general area air samples and personal-breathing-zone air samples were 68.36 µg/m3 and 128.46 µg/m3, respectively, calculated as an 8h, time-weighted average (TWA). Eight (44%) of 18 area air samples, taken as far as 50 yards from the firing line, and 10 (67%) of 15 personal breathing zone air samples exceeded the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard for occupational exposure to airborne lead (50µg/m3). Blood lead levels (using a t-test) were found to increase significantly in all cadets after day 2 (p < 0.0001) and day 5 (p < 0.0007) of firing conventional, nonjacketed, lead bullets. None of the blood level values exceeded the OSHA standard of 40 µg/dl. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.92; p < 0.000001) existed between personal-breathing-zone air lead levels and the number of rounds fired by the cadets. A positive correlation also existed between blood lead levels and cumulative personal breathing zone air lead levels (r = 0.85; p < 0.02), as well as the total number of rounds fired (r = 0.84; p < 0.02). Based on environmental and medical data, it was concluded that a potential health hazard may exist due to inorganic lead exposure to cadets at this covered outdoor range during firing exercises.

International Journal of Toxicology, Vol. 8, No. 6, 1189-1195 (1989)
DOI: 10.3109/10915818909018076
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